Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

3D-bioprinting allows for host cell integration coupled with ECM remodeling to establish a viable TEHV that will grow and adapt with the patient. This technology can achieve homogenous porosity and allow deposition of different cell types within a construct [8]. 3D-bioprinted valves are customizable to patients through direct digital input from patient imaging utilizing computed tomography and ultrasound imaging.